The future already happened
The internet boom has arrived silently and the "everything is online" happened while we were all looking down at our smart phones.
New giants have emerged to rule the economic landscape that have eclipsed, at least in virtual specie, their physical-and-brick-and-mortar competitors: Apple, Alphabet (Google), Microsoft, Amazon.com... Facebook...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization#2017
The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent
-John Maynard Keynes
We have entered into an uncharted area in terms of economics; much financial data and many models indicate that 2017 is very near the peak of a trend.
The Case-Shiller Home Price Index is topping the maximums of 2006 and almost double the "normal" of 100 and the CyclicallyAdjustedPriceEarnings ratio is at 29, also soon to be double the median of 16. Neither of these tools are intended for "timing the market" or identifying the end of a trend, but they certainly indicate a longer wait for expected return on investment and higher level of risk of a "return to the mean".
The CAPE ratio hit 44 right before the "dot-com" bust (pokerface)
- https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CSUSHPINSA
- https://us.spindices.com/index-family/real-estate/sp-corelogic-case-shiller 188 is near an all time high (of 195 in 2006)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case%E2%80%93Shiller_index#History_and_methodology
- https://ycharts.com/indicators/pe10
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclically_adjusted_price-to-earnings_ratio
- http://www.businessinsider.com/robert-shiller-explains-how-to-use-cape-2013-11
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble#Stock_market_bubble
The most optimistic perspective is that globalization and technology have dramatically increasing efficiencies, though that same combination drove the "Roaring 20's" and (along with political and economic factors) created the "Great Depression".
Prediction of a Crash
I'll make a prediction (not that it will change the future in any way). Given the cyclical nature of economies, it has to come to pass sometime ;]
The United States is due for an economic crash soon
At a minimum a recession, most likely another "Great Recession", hopefully not another "Great Depression".
There will most likely be a catalyst like unexpected political collapse (Presidential impeachment), armed conflict (i.e. North Korea), or environmental disaster (i.e. global pandemic or solar flare).
Technology is not a root cause but creates the sense of instability in society and economics as efficiencies disrupt existing balances.
A "perfect storm" of global economic weakness with globalization that interconnects all economies
- https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20170409211343/https://www.visualcapitalist.com/chart-epic-collapse-deutsche-bank/
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/07/16/why-italys-banking-crisis-will-shake-the-eurozone-to-its-core/
- https://fortune.com/2016/01/23/china-collapse/
Populist moves to nationalism and tariffs
- https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/17/brexit-trade-deals-gruelling-challenge-taking-back-control
- https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-01-18/why-trump-s-tariff-threats-get-taken-so-seriously-quicktake-q-a
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoot%E2%80%93Hawley_Tariff_Act
Deregulation and "pro-business" policies
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/business/dealbook/trump-congress-financial-regulations.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding#Scandals
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge#Taxation_and_government_spending
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover#Presidential_election_of_1928
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsky_moment
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression
Increased Migration
In the wake of global instability people will seek, in ever larger numbers, societies and infrastructure that are stable.
Those places that adopt policies and mechanisms to successfully integrate and take advantage of the influx of newcomers will do quite well.
Those places that attempt to remain isolated will incur ever growing costs and simultaneously be outcompeted by places that have successfully leveraged new ideas, new labor, and new capital.
Technology Predictions
We are rapidly moving into a new era of technology and information where energy is becoming cheaper than ever and computing has become more powerful and ubiquitous than ever.
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-12-15/world-energy-hits-a-turning-point-solar-that-s-cheaper-than-wind
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_mobile_phones_in_use
- http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015/
- http://www.businessinsider.com/24-mind-blowing-facts-about-business-2013-6?op=1
Scarcity of Privacy
The proliferation of smart phones with cameras everywhere, drones, actively listening devices like Siri/Alexa/Google means that it is far harder than ever to be alone, unwatched, and unheard.
- http://www.businessinsider.com/siri-vs-google-assistant-cortana-alexa-2016-11/
- http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21666118-miniature-pilotless-aircraft-are-verge-becoming-commonplace-welcome
- http://money.cnn.com/2017/03/28/technology/us-drone-registrations/index.html
Big data means an unprecedented amoutn of correlation can be created.
- http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/magazine/shopping-habits.html
- https://www.wired.com/2012/08/apple-amazon-mat-honan-hacking/
- https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/05/google-flu-big-data-help-make-gigantic-mistakes
While this benefits society in emergency situations (i.e. earthquakes, fire, crime, etc.) it also means there will be a lucrative business opportunity in technology that can actually restore privacy.
- http://timelines.latimes.com/snapchat-stanford-ipo/ (a $30B+ social network that makes data ephemeral)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage
Pendulum swings back to decentralization
"The Cloud" is very popular now, the availability of energy and local compute (including smartphones) means it will become cheaper and cheaper to compute things locally.
Even as the internet has allowed incredible flows of data and exchange of information the amount of locally generated information ("internet of things") is growing very large very quickly as well.
- https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/02/aws-still-owns-the-cloud/
- http://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/27/microsoft-azure-growing-faster-than-aws-google-cloud-behind.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law
- http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/10/22/incredible-growth-of-the-internet-since-2000/
- https://www.ncta.com/sites/prod/files/GROWTH_IOT_091616_IF-800w.png
Yet given the increasing requirement for security (and privacy) it makes a lot more sense to keep data and compute inside a protected space. One of the simplest ways to prevent hacking, keep data secure, and increase privacy is to never have the data leave its place of origin.
Homes, and more importantly businesses, will not want every camera, microphone, and sensor sending data into "The Cloud" to centralized (and often vulnerable) warehouses. Instead there is an opportunity for businesses and technology that leverage cheap compute to create "mini private clouds".
The slow deprecation of SMTP and HTTP (both unencrypted plaintext) being the backbone of the internet will be increasingly replaced with secure alternatives (encrypted, dedicated networks, extra authentication layers like 2FA and MFA) to create virtual tunnels.
The companies and tools that allow redundancy and accessibility of data in a secure fashion will profit from the abundance of local compute/storage and scarcity of security and privacy.